Climates of India

 


1. Match the following

Column A

Column B

(1) Latitude

(b) Creates different climates in the north and south

(2) Altitude

(c) Keeps higher places cooler

(3) Proximity to the ocean

(d) Moderates the temperature

(4) Monsoon winds

(a) Brings wet air to India during summer


2. Answer the following questions




(a) What is the difference between weather and climate?



  • Weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere for a short period (day to day), such as hot, rainy or windy.
  • Climate refers to the long-term pattern of weather of a place over many years.






(b) Why do places near the ocean have milder temperatures than places far away from it?



  • The sea heats up and cools down slowly.
  • It controls the temperature of nearby coastal areas.
  • So, coastal places have cooler summers and warmer winters compared to places far from the sea.






(c) What role do monsoon winds play in affecting India’s climate?



  • Monsoon winds bring seasonal rainfall to India.
  • They are essential for agriculture, rivers, and water supply.
  • They decide the wet and dry seasons of the country.






(d) Why is Chennai warm or hot throughout the year, while Leh is cold?



  • Chennai:
    • Located near the sea
    • Has a tropical climate
    • Sea moderates temperature

  • Leh:
    • Located in the high mountains
    • Has high altitude
    • Temperature decreases with height






3. Identify the climate of the following cities

City

Climate Type

Reason

Leh

Cold / Alpine

High altitude, mountains

Chennai

Tropical

Near the sea, low latitude

Delhi

Subtropical

Inland location, extreme seasons

Panaji

Tropical wet

Coastal area, heavy rainfall

Jaipur

Arid / Semi-arid

Near desert, low rainfall


4. Map Work: Monsoon Cycle (To be drawn by students)




What to show in the map:



  • Summer (South-West Monsoon):
    • Winds blow from Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal towards India
    • Bring heavy rainfall

  • Winter (North-East Monsoon):
    • Winds blow from land towards sea
    • Mostly dry; rainfall in Tamil Nadu


5. Poster work (Activity)



Students should:


  • Draw or paste pictures of festivals like Baisakhi, Onam, Pongal
  • Write 1–2 lines showing how each festival is linked to farming and climate






6. Diary Entry (Sample Answer)



Date: 10 June


The rainy season is about to begin. I have cleaned my fields and repaired the water channels. I have arranged good quality seeds and stored manure. I am waiting for the monsoon rains so that my crops can grow well. Rain is very important for my farming and my family’s livelihood.





7. Short Essay: Natural Disaster – Flood




Flood



  • Causes:
    • Heavy rainfall
    • Overflowing rivers
    • Poor drainage system

  • Impacts:
    • Loss of life and property
    • Damage to crops
    • Spread of diseases

  • Prevention Measures:
    • Building embankments
    • Proper drainage
    • Early warning systems
    • Planting trees



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